Publication Information
Journal: NAU Journal of Technology and Vocational Education
Volume: 6 (2021)
PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL AND COMPENSATION COMPETENCIES REQUIRED BY ADMINISTRATORS FOR EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT OF TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS IN SOUTH-SOUTH NIGERIA
Onojetah, Sunday Omorohwovo
greatgrace950@gmail.com Department of Technology and Vocational Education, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka
Okoye, K. R. E
Department of Technology and Vocational Education, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka
The study investigated performance appraisal and compensation competencies required by
administrators for effective management of tertiary institutions in South-South Nigeria. The
study answered two research questions while two hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of
significance. Descriptive survey research design was adopted in carrying out the study. The
population of the study comprised 1,736 administrators from the existing public tertiary
institutions in the six South-South states of Nigeria. The sample of the study was 868,
representing 50% of the population. The instrument that was used for data collection was a
questionnaire titled Human Resource Management Questionnaire (HRMQ) that was facevalidated by three experts. The reliability of the instrument was ascertained using Cronbach
Alpha reliability method which yielded a coefficient of 0.84 for employee performance appraisal
and 0.87 for employee compensation. Out of the 868 copies of the questionnaire that were
administered, 844 copies (97.24%) were completely filled and retrieved. Data collected were
analyzed using mean to answer the research questions and analysis of variance (ANOVA) was
used to test the hypotheses. Based on the data collected and analysed, the study identified 21
human resource management competencies in employee performance appraisal and employee
compensation that are highly required by administrators of tertiary institutions in South-South,
Nigeria. There is no significant difference (p < 0.05) in the mean ratings of the administrators in
universities, polytechnics and colleges of education on the human resource management
competencies required for employee performance appraisal and employee compensation in
tertiary institutions in South-South, Nigeria. The study therefore recommends, among others,
that there should be unified and codified guidelines and rubrics on employee performance
appraisal and employee compensation for implementation in the tertiary institutions studied.
administrators for effective management of tertiary institutions in South-South Nigeria. The
study answered two research questions while two hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of
significance. Descriptive survey research design was adopted in carrying out the study. The
population of the study comprised 1,736 administrators from the existing public tertiary
institutions in the six South-South states of Nigeria. The sample of the study was 868,
representing 50% of the population. The instrument that was used for data collection was a
questionnaire titled Human Resource Management Questionnaire (HRMQ) that was facevalidated by three experts. The reliability of the instrument was ascertained using Cronbach
Alpha reliability method which yielded a coefficient of 0.84 for employee performance appraisal
and 0.87 for employee compensation. Out of the 868 copies of the questionnaire that were
administered, 844 copies (97.24%) were completely filled and retrieved. Data collected were
analyzed using mean to answer the research questions and analysis of variance (ANOVA) was
used to test the hypotheses. Based on the data collected and analysed, the study identified 21
human resource management competencies in employee performance appraisal and employee
compensation that are highly required by administrators of tertiary institutions in South-South,
Nigeria. There is no significant difference (p < 0.05) in the mean ratings of the administrators in
universities, polytechnics and colleges of education on the human resource management
competencies required for employee performance appraisal and employee compensation in
tertiary institutions in South-South, Nigeria. The study therefore recommends, among others,
that there should be unified and codified guidelines and rubrics on employee performance
appraisal and employee compensation for implementation in the tertiary institutions studied.
Akafo, V. & Boateng, P. A. (2015). Impact of reward and recognition on job satisfaction and motivation.
European Journal of Business Management, 7(24), 112-124.
Akinyele, S. T. (2010). Performance appraisal systems in private universities in Nigeria: A study of Crawford
University, Igbesa, Nigeria. Educational Research, 1(8), 293 – 303.
Alawa, V. A., Abanyam, V. A. & Okeme, I (2010). Competency improvement needs of teachers of agriculture in
afforestation for effective teaching in secondary schools in Cross River State, Nigeria. Journal of the
Nigerian Vocational Association, 4(2), 46-52.
Ami, A. V., Boaten, P.A. & Yamoah, P. (2015). An assessment of compensation determinants and their impact
on employee commitment in private tertiary institutions in Ghana. Global Advanced Research Journal of
Arts and Humanities (GARJAH), 4(2), 015-025.
Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development (CIPD) (2014). Human resource management in context.
London: Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development.
Dessler, G. (2007.) Human resource management. 10th edition. New Jersey: Pearson Prentice-Hall.
Douglas, H. (2011). Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved 5th December, 2019 from
http:www.etymonline.com.
Encarta (2009). Administrators. Microsoft® Encarta® 2009 [DVD]. Redmond, WA: Microsoft Corporation.
Establishment/Personnel Offices of the Tertiary Institutions (2018). Information on personnel of the institutions.
Federal Republic of Nigeria (2014). National policy on education. Lagos: NERC Press.
Gberevbie, D. E., Osibanjo, A. O., Adeniji, A .A. & Oludayo, O. A. (2014). An empirical study of gender
discrimination and employee performance among academic staff of government universities in Lagos
State, Nigeria. International Journal of Social, Human Science and Engineering, 8(1), 101-108.
Greene, R. J. (2014). The role of employee ownership in the total rewards strategy. Compensation and Benefits
Review. Retrieved from DOI:10.1177/08863687 14529919
Nworgu, B. G. (2015). Educational research: Basic issues and methodology (3rd Edition). Nsukka: University
Trust Publishers.
Obi, C. A. (2002). Elements of business. Owerri: Cape Publishers International Limited.
Obisi, C. (2011). Employee performance appraisal and its implications for individual and organizational growth.
Australian Journal of Business and Management Research, 1(9), 92 – 97.
O’Brien, P. (2014). Why Strong Employee/Employer Relationship is Important and How to Achieve This.
Retrieved 20th October, 2018 from http:// www.undefined/ employeeemployer%
Ofoegbu, F. O. & Alonge, H. O. (2017). Effective university leadership as predictor of academic excellence in
Southern Nigerian universities. Journal of Education and Practice, 8(8), 111 – 116.
Ogbuanya, T. C., Nweke, J. N. & Ugwoke, S. C. (2017). Material resource management for effective teaching of
Electrical/Electronics Technology in colleges of education (technical) in Nigeria. International Journal of
Applied Engineering Research, 12(18), 7238 - 7253.
Okute, A. L. & Agomuo, E. E. (2010). Business teachers’ perception of the application of e-learning in
reforming business courses delivery system in tertiary institutions in Cross-River and Akwa Ibom States.
Nigerian Vocational Association Journal, 15(1), 40 - 54.
Onipede, O. (2013). Assessment of the effectiveness of resource input into the implementation of agricultural
education programme in colleges of education in South-West, Nigeria. Unpublished Ph D Thesis,
Department of Agricultural Education, University of Nigeria, Nsukka.
Onyishi, A. O., Erne, O. I. & Emeh, I. E. J. (2011). Problems of personnel management in Nigeria: The Nigerian
local government system experience. Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review, 1(6), 36-49.
Ugwu, C. C. & Onuka, N. A. (2016). Performance appraisal and assessment of employees in Nigerian Bottling
Company in Southeast, Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Business Administration, 7(3), 321 – 338.
Yamoah, E. E. (2013). Relationship between compensation and employee productivity. Singaporean Journal of
Business Economics and Management Studies, 2(1), 110-114.
Wikipedia contributors (2019, September 30). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopaedia. Retrieved 5th December
2019 from https/:en.wikipedia.org/ w/index.php? title= Effectiveness&oldid=918757390.
European Journal of Business Management, 7(24), 112-124.
Akinyele, S. T. (2010). Performance appraisal systems in private universities in Nigeria: A study of Crawford
University, Igbesa, Nigeria. Educational Research, 1(8), 293 – 303.
Alawa, V. A., Abanyam, V. A. & Okeme, I (2010). Competency improvement needs of teachers of agriculture in
afforestation for effective teaching in secondary schools in Cross River State, Nigeria. Journal of the
Nigerian Vocational Association, 4(2), 46-52.
Ami, A. V., Boaten, P.A. & Yamoah, P. (2015). An assessment of compensation determinants and their impact
on employee commitment in private tertiary institutions in Ghana. Global Advanced Research Journal of
Arts and Humanities (GARJAH), 4(2), 015-025.
Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development (CIPD) (2014). Human resource management in context.
London: Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development.
Dessler, G. (2007.) Human resource management. 10th edition. New Jersey: Pearson Prentice-Hall.
Douglas, H. (2011). Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved 5th December, 2019 from
http:www.etymonline.com.
Encarta (2009). Administrators. Microsoft® Encarta® 2009 [DVD]. Redmond, WA: Microsoft Corporation.
Establishment/Personnel Offices of the Tertiary Institutions (2018). Information on personnel of the institutions.
Federal Republic of Nigeria (2014). National policy on education. Lagos: NERC Press.
Gberevbie, D. E., Osibanjo, A. O., Adeniji, A .A. & Oludayo, O. A. (2014). An empirical study of gender
discrimination and employee performance among academic staff of government universities in Lagos
State, Nigeria. International Journal of Social, Human Science and Engineering, 8(1), 101-108.
Greene, R. J. (2014). The role of employee ownership in the total rewards strategy. Compensation and Benefits
Review. Retrieved from DOI:10.1177/08863687 14529919
Nworgu, B. G. (2015). Educational research: Basic issues and methodology (3rd Edition). Nsukka: University
Trust Publishers.
Obi, C. A. (2002). Elements of business. Owerri: Cape Publishers International Limited.
Obisi, C. (2011). Employee performance appraisal and its implications for individual and organizational growth.
Australian Journal of Business and Management Research, 1(9), 92 – 97.
O’Brien, P. (2014). Why Strong Employee/Employer Relationship is Important and How to Achieve This.
Retrieved 20th October, 2018 from http:// www.undefined/ employeeemployer%
Ofoegbu, F. O. & Alonge, H. O. (2017). Effective university leadership as predictor of academic excellence in
Southern Nigerian universities. Journal of Education and Practice, 8(8), 111 – 116.
Ogbuanya, T. C., Nweke, J. N. & Ugwoke, S. C. (2017). Material resource management for effective teaching of
Electrical/Electronics Technology in colleges of education (technical) in Nigeria. International Journal of
Applied Engineering Research, 12(18), 7238 - 7253.
Okute, A. L. & Agomuo, E. E. (2010). Business teachers’ perception of the application of e-learning in
reforming business courses delivery system in tertiary institutions in Cross-River and Akwa Ibom States.
Nigerian Vocational Association Journal, 15(1), 40 - 54.
Onipede, O. (2013). Assessment of the effectiveness of resource input into the implementation of agricultural
education programme in colleges of education in South-West, Nigeria. Unpublished Ph D Thesis,
Department of Agricultural Education, University of Nigeria, Nsukka.
Onyishi, A. O., Erne, O. I. & Emeh, I. E. J. (2011). Problems of personnel management in Nigeria: The Nigerian
local government system experience. Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review, 1(6), 36-49.
Ugwu, C. C. & Onuka, N. A. (2016). Performance appraisal and assessment of employees in Nigerian Bottling
Company in Southeast, Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Business Administration, 7(3), 321 – 338.
Yamoah, E. E. (2013). Relationship between compensation and employee productivity. Singaporean Journal of
Business Economics and Management Studies, 2(1), 110-114.
Wikipedia contributors (2019, September 30). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopaedia. Retrieved 5th December
2019 from https/:en.wikipedia.org/ w/index.php? title= Effectiveness&oldid=918757390.