Publication Information
Journal: NAU Journal of Technology and Vocational Education
Volume: 7 (2022)
TECHNICAL AND VOCATIONAL EDUCATION UNIVERSITY STUDENTS’ CAREER DECISION SELF-EFFICACY: EXPLORING DEMOGRAPHICS IMPLICATIONS
Chukwuedo, Samson Onyeluka
so.chukwuedo@unizik.edu.ng Department of Technology and Vocational Education, Nnamdi Azikiwe University
Odogwu, Ikechukwu Chidiebere
ic.odogwu@unizik.edu.ng Department of Technology and Vocational Education, Nnamdi Azikiwe University
While university students of technical and vocational education must transit smoothly from
school to work, inquiries patterning the students' career decisions appear relatively understudied;
especially concerning demographic possibilities in predicting their career decision self-efficacy
(CDSE). This paper explores the students' CDSE and the implications of their demographics
(sex, academic major, and age) on their career decision self-efficacy (self-appraisal, occupational
information, goal selection, planning, and problem-solving). Adopting a correlational survey
approach, the participants were 451 university students in technical and vocational education
from three geopolitical zones in Nigeria. The adopted CDSE scale used for this study showed a
good model fit for its construct validity as well as high-reliability coefficients. Mean, standard
deviation, bivariate correlation, t-test, and multiple linear regression statistics were applied for
data analyses. Findings revealed that the students possessed some level of appreciable CDSE.
Findings of multiple regression analysis revealed that academic major (Agricultural, Business,
Home Economics, and Technical Education) has a relative association with CDSE. Meanwhile,
the results also showed that the demographics have significant joint association with
occupational information, goal selection, planning, and problem-solving; but not self-appraisal.
school to work, inquiries patterning the students' career decisions appear relatively understudied;
especially concerning demographic possibilities in predicting their career decision self-efficacy
(CDSE). This paper explores the students' CDSE and the implications of their demographics
(sex, academic major, and age) on their career decision self-efficacy (self-appraisal, occupational
information, goal selection, planning, and problem-solving). Adopting a correlational survey
approach, the participants were 451 university students in technical and vocational education
from three geopolitical zones in Nigeria. The adopted CDSE scale used for this study showed a
good model fit for its construct validity as well as high-reliability coefficients. Mean, standard
deviation, bivariate correlation, t-test, and multiple linear regression statistics were applied for
data analyses. Findings revealed that the students possessed some level of appreciable CDSE.
Findings of multiple regression analysis revealed that academic major (Agricultural, Business,
Home Economics, and Technical Education) has a relative association with CDSE. Meanwhile,
the results also showed that the demographics have significant joint association with
occupational information, goal selection, planning, and problem-solving; but not self-appraisal.
Betz, N. E., Hammond, M. S., & Multon, K. D. (2005). Reliability and validity of five-level
response continua for the career decision self-efficacy. Journal of Career Assessment,
13(2), 131-149. https://doi.org/10.1177/1069072704273123.
Betz, N. E., Klein, K. L., & Taylor, K. M. (1996). Evaluation of a short form of the career
decision-making self-efficacy scale. Journal of Career Assessment, 4(1), 47-57.
https://doi.org/10.1177/106907279600400103.
Chukwuedo, S. O., & Ementa, C. N. (2022). Students’ work placement learning and
employability nexus: Reflections from experiential learning and social cognitive
career theories. Industry and Higher Education, 36(6), 742-755.
https://doi.org/10.1177/09504222221099198.
Chukwuedo, S. O., & Ogbuanya, T. C. (2020). Potential pathways for proficiency training in
computer maintenance technology among prospective electronic technology education
graduation. Education + Training, 62(2), 100-115. https://10.1108/ET-07-2019-0146.
Edokpolor, J. E. (2020). Entrepreneurship education and sustainable development: Mediating
role of entrepreneurial skills. Asian Pacific Journal of Innovation and
Entrepreneurship, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1108/APJIE-03-2020-0036.
Ekpenyong, L. E. (2011). Foundations of technical and vocational education: Evolution and and
practice for Nigerian students in TVE and adult education, policy makers and
practitioners. Ambik Press.
Federal Republic of Nigeria (2013). National Policy on Education. NERDC.
Gay, L. R., Mills, G. E., & Airasian, P. W. (2011). Educational research competencies for
analysis and applications (10th ed.). New York: Pearson Educational International.
Kepir Savoly, D. D., & Dost, M. T. (2020). Effectiveness of a school-to-work transition skills
program in a collectivist culture. Australian Journal of Career Development, 29(2),
127-136. https://doi.org/10.1177/1038416220919882.
Kim, B., Lee, B. H., Ha, G., Lee, H. K., & Lee, S. M. (2015). Examining longitudinal
relationships between dysfunctional career thoughts and career decision- making selfefficacy in school-to-transition. Journal of Career Development, 42(6), 511-523.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0894845315578903
Lent, R. W., & Brown, S. D. (2019). Social cognitive career theory at 25: Empirical status of the
interest, choice, and performance models. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 115,
103316. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvbe.2019.06.004.
Lent, R. W., Brown, S. D., & Hackett, G. (1994). Towards a unifying social cognitive theory of
career and academic interest, choice, and performance. Journal of Vocational
Behaviour, 45, 79-122. https://doi.org/10.1006/jvbe.1994.1027.
National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria (2020). Labour force statistics: Unemployment and
underemployment report. Abridged labour force survey under covid-19. Retrieved
from:
https://www.nigerianstat.gov.ng/pdfuploads/Q2_2020_Unemployment_Report.pdf/
accessed December 17, 2020.
Ogbuanya, T. C., & Chukwuedo, S. O. (2017). Career-training mentorship intervention via the
Dreyfus model: Implication for career behaviors and practical acquisition in vocational
electronic technology. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 103, 88-105.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2017.09.002.
Okolie, U. C., Nwajiuba, C. A., Binuomote, M. O., Osuji, C. U., Onajite, G. O., & Igwe, P. A.
(2020). How career advice and guidance can facilitate career development in
technical, vocational education and training graduates: The case in Nigeria. Australian
Journal of Career Development, 29(2), 97-106.
https://doi.org/10.1177/1038416220916814.
Renn, R. W., Steinbaurer, R., Taylor, R., & Detwiller, D. (2014). School-to-work transition:
Mentor career support and student career planning, job search intentions, and selfdefeating job search behaviours. Journal of Vocational Behaviour, 85, 422-432. doi:
10.1016/j.jvb.2014.09.004.
Salim, R. M. A., Istiasih, M. R., Rumalutui, N. A., & Situmorang, D. D. B. (2023). The role of
career decision self-efficacy as a mediator of peer support on students’ career
adaptability. Heliyon, 9(3), e14911. https://doir.org/10.1016/j.heliyon 2023.e14911.
response continua for the career decision self-efficacy. Journal of Career Assessment,
13(2), 131-149. https://doi.org/10.1177/1069072704273123.
Betz, N. E., Klein, K. L., & Taylor, K. M. (1996). Evaluation of a short form of the career
decision-making self-efficacy scale. Journal of Career Assessment, 4(1), 47-57.
https://doi.org/10.1177/106907279600400103.
Chukwuedo, S. O., & Ementa, C. N. (2022). Students’ work placement learning and
employability nexus: Reflections from experiential learning and social cognitive
career theories. Industry and Higher Education, 36(6), 742-755.
https://doi.org/10.1177/09504222221099198.
Chukwuedo, S. O., & Ogbuanya, T. C. (2020). Potential pathways for proficiency training in
computer maintenance technology among prospective electronic technology education
graduation. Education + Training, 62(2), 100-115. https://10.1108/ET-07-2019-0146.
Edokpolor, J. E. (2020). Entrepreneurship education and sustainable development: Mediating
role of entrepreneurial skills. Asian Pacific Journal of Innovation and
Entrepreneurship, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1108/APJIE-03-2020-0036.
Ekpenyong, L. E. (2011). Foundations of technical and vocational education: Evolution and and
practice for Nigerian students in TVE and adult education, policy makers and
practitioners. Ambik Press.
Federal Republic of Nigeria (2013). National Policy on Education. NERDC.
Gay, L. R., Mills, G. E., & Airasian, P. W. (2011). Educational research competencies for
analysis and applications (10th ed.). New York: Pearson Educational International.
Kepir Savoly, D. D., & Dost, M. T. (2020). Effectiveness of a school-to-work transition skills
program in a collectivist culture. Australian Journal of Career Development, 29(2),
127-136. https://doi.org/10.1177/1038416220919882.
Kim, B., Lee, B. H., Ha, G., Lee, H. K., & Lee, S. M. (2015). Examining longitudinal
relationships between dysfunctional career thoughts and career decision- making selfefficacy in school-to-transition. Journal of Career Development, 42(6), 511-523.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0894845315578903
Lent, R. W., & Brown, S. D. (2019). Social cognitive career theory at 25: Empirical status of the
interest, choice, and performance models. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 115,
103316. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvbe.2019.06.004.
Lent, R. W., Brown, S. D., & Hackett, G. (1994). Towards a unifying social cognitive theory of
career and academic interest, choice, and performance. Journal of Vocational
Behaviour, 45, 79-122. https://doi.org/10.1006/jvbe.1994.1027.
National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria (2020). Labour force statistics: Unemployment and
underemployment report. Abridged labour force survey under covid-19. Retrieved
from:
https://www.nigerianstat.gov.ng/pdfuploads/Q2_2020_Unemployment_Report.pdf/
accessed December 17, 2020.
Ogbuanya, T. C., & Chukwuedo, S. O. (2017). Career-training mentorship intervention via the
Dreyfus model: Implication for career behaviors and practical acquisition in vocational
electronic technology. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 103, 88-105.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2017.09.002.
Okolie, U. C., Nwajiuba, C. A., Binuomote, M. O., Osuji, C. U., Onajite, G. O., & Igwe, P. A.
(2020). How career advice and guidance can facilitate career development in
technical, vocational education and training graduates: The case in Nigeria. Australian
Journal of Career Development, 29(2), 97-106.
https://doi.org/10.1177/1038416220916814.
Renn, R. W., Steinbaurer, R., Taylor, R., & Detwiller, D. (2014). School-to-work transition:
Mentor career support and student career planning, job search intentions, and selfdefeating job search behaviours. Journal of Vocational Behaviour, 85, 422-432. doi:
10.1016/j.jvb.2014.09.004.
Salim, R. M. A., Istiasih, M. R., Rumalutui, N. A., & Situmorang, D. D. B. (2023). The role of
career decision self-efficacy as a mediator of peer support on students’ career
adaptability. Heliyon, 9(3), e14911. https://doir.org/10.1016/j.heliyon 2023.e14911.