Publication Information
Journal: NAU Journal of Technology and Vocational Education
Volume: 2 (2017)
EXTENT ENTREPRENEURSHIP EDUCATION INFLUENCES THE ENTREPRNEURIAL INTENTIONS OF BUSINESS EDUCATION UNDERGRADUATES IN UNIVERSITIES IN ANAMBRA STATE
Eze, A. N
Department of Technology and Vocational Education Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka
Nwagu, E. C
uknwagu@yahoo.co.uk Department of Technology and Vocational Education Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka
This study determined the extent entrepreneurship education influences the
entrepreneurial intentions of business education undergraduates in universities in
Anambra State. Two research questions guided the study and two null hypotheses
were tested at 0.05 level of significance. The design of the study was descriptive
survey. Population of the study was 619 (226 male and 393 female) business
education undergraduates in the three universities in Anambra State offering the
programme. The stratified random sampling and simple random sampling techniques
were used to select a sample size of 243 (male and female) students. An adapted
Entrepreneurial Intention Questionnaire (EIQ) developed by Linan and Chen (2009)
was used to collect data for the study. The questionnaire was a 5-point scale
containing 37 items in four clusters which was validated by experts in the field of
Business Education and Measurement and Evaluation. The reliability of the
instrument was determined using the Cronbach Alpha co-efficient which yielded
values of 0.97, 0.80, 0.71, and 0.75 respectively for the four clusters and overall value
of 0.80. Mean and standard deviation were used to analyze data to answer the
research questions and determine the cohesiveness or otherwise of respondents’ mean
ratings. The z-test was used to test the null hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance.
The findings revealed that entrepreneurship education influenced attitude and
perceived behavioural control of business education undergraduates towards
becoming entrepreneurs to a great extent. Gender did not significantly influence the
respondents’ mean ratings in all the contents covered. It was concluded that business
education undergraduates in universities in Anambra State would benefit from
effectively delivered entrepreneurship education programme as it would improve their
entrepreneurial intention. Based on these findings, it was recommended among others
that university authorities should assist business education undergraduates that
indicate intention to become entrepreneurs while in school and after graduation
through incubator programmes.
entrepreneurial intentions of business education undergraduates in universities in
Anambra State. Two research questions guided the study and two null hypotheses
were tested at 0.05 level of significance. The design of the study was descriptive
survey. Population of the study was 619 (226 male and 393 female) business
education undergraduates in the three universities in Anambra State offering the
programme. The stratified random sampling and simple random sampling techniques
were used to select a sample size of 243 (male and female) students. An adapted
Entrepreneurial Intention Questionnaire (EIQ) developed by Linan and Chen (2009)
was used to collect data for the study. The questionnaire was a 5-point scale
containing 37 items in four clusters which was validated by experts in the field of
Business Education and Measurement and Evaluation. The reliability of the
instrument was determined using the Cronbach Alpha co-efficient which yielded
values of 0.97, 0.80, 0.71, and 0.75 respectively for the four clusters and overall value
of 0.80. Mean and standard deviation were used to analyze data to answer the
research questions and determine the cohesiveness or otherwise of respondents’ mean
ratings. The z-test was used to test the null hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance.
The findings revealed that entrepreneurship education influenced attitude and
perceived behavioural control of business education undergraduates towards
becoming entrepreneurs to a great extent. Gender did not significantly influence the
respondents’ mean ratings in all the contents covered. It was concluded that business
education undergraduates in universities in Anambra State would benefit from
effectively delivered entrepreneurship education programme as it would improve their
entrepreneurial intention. Based on these findings, it was recommended among others
that university authorities should assist business education undergraduates that
indicate intention to become entrepreneurs while in school and after graduation
through incubator programmes.
Adejimole, A.S. &Olufunmilayo, T (2009). Spinning off an entrepreneurship culture
among Nigerian university students: prospect and challenges. African Journal
of Business management, 1(3), 80-88.
Agboola, J. O. & Ademiluyi, L. F. (2015). The impact of entrepreneurship education
on self-employment prospects of graduating Polytechnic students in Osun
State. UNIZIK Orient Journal of Education, 8 (1), 77-85.
Alain, F. (2009). Entrepreneurship education in Europe: Trends and challenges.
OECD LEED programme: Universities, Innovations and Entrepreneurship
Good Practice Workshop 12 June 2009. Retrieved from
www.oecd.org/dataoecd/1/1/36/43202553.pdf on 23/9/2010
Arogundade, B. B. (2011). Entrepreneurship education: An imperative first
sustainable development in Nigeria. Journal of Emerging Trends in
Educational Research and Policy Studies (JETERAPS),2(1), 11-23.
Bae, S. H. & Song, J. H. (2006). Youth unemployment and the role of career and
technical education: A Study of the Korean labor market. Career and
Technical Education Research, 31(1), 3-21.
Dell, M. S. (2008). An investigation of undergraduate student self-employment
intention and the impact of entrepreneurship education and previous
entrepreneurial experience. Doctor of Philosophy, School of Business
University Australia.
Dinis, A. (2011). Behaviours and entrepreneurial intention: Empirical findings about
secondary students. Journal of International Entrepreneurship, 9(1), 20-38.
Ezemoyih, C. M. (2011).Strategies for effective teaching of entrepreneurship
education in tertiary institutions in Imo and Anambra States. Business
Education Journal, 8 (1), 1-9.
Federal Republic of Nigeria (2008).National Policy on Education, Lagos: NERDC
Press.
Gerba, D. T. (2012).Impact of entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurial
intentions of business and engineering students in Ethiopia. African Journal of
Economic and Management Studies, 3(2), 258 – 277.
Iwu, P. C. (2016). Integrating new technologies for improving the business education
curriculum in tertiary institutions in Imo State.Nigerian Journal of Business
Education, 3(1), 91-98.
Kimmel, J. (2008). Who moonlights and why? Evidence from the SIPP. Industrial
Relations: A Journal of Economy and Society, 40(1), 89-120.
Lee, W. N., Lim, B. P., Lim, L. Y., Sern, N. H. & Wong, J. L. (2012). Entrepreneurial
intention: A study among students of higher learning institution. A research
project submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of
Bachelor of business administration. Faculty of Business and Finance,
UniversitiTunku Abdul Rahman.
Li, W. (2007). Ethnic entrepreneurship: Studying Chinese and Indian students in the
United States. Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship, 12(4), 449–466.
Liñán, F. & Chen, Y. (2009).Development and cross-cultural application of a specific
instrument to measure entrepreneurial intentions. Entrepreneurship Theory
and Practice, 33(3), 593- 617.
Liñán, F., Rodriguez-Cohard, J. C. & Rueda-Cantuche, J. M. (2011).Factors affecting
entrepreneurial intention levels. A role for education. International
Entrepreneurship & Management Journal, 7, 195-218.
Martínez, A.C., Kelley, D. & Levie, J. (2010).Global Entrepreneurship Monitor
Special Report: A Global Perspective on Entrepreneurship Education and
Training, Global Entrepreneurship Monitor, United States.
Matheson, D. (2008). An introduction to the study of education. New York: David
Fulton Publish.
Okoro,J. (2015). Lecturers‘ perception of constraints facing the teaching of
entrepreneurship education in colleges of education in South South, Nigeria.
World Journal of Education, 5(3), 99 – 106.
Onyesom, M., & Okolocha, C. C. (2013). Assessment of the adequacy of instructional
resources in business education programmes relative to NCCE standards for
colleges of education in Nigeria. Journal of Education and Learning, 2(2), 1-
14.
Puka, B. & Aminu, A. (2015). Effects of entrepreneurship education on university
students' attitude and entrepreneurial intention. European Journal of Business
and Management, 7(20), 149-157.
Shai, V. (2009), Entrepreneurship Education. http:llshaivyakarnam.
blogspot.com/2009/05/whyentrepreneurship -education. Online. Retrieved on
4/9/2011.
Shook,C. L., Priem R. L., & McGee, J. E. (2003).Venture creation and the
enterprising individual: A review and synthesis.Journal of Management,
29(3), 379 – 399.
Souitaris, V., Zerbinati, S., & Al-Laham, A. (2007). Do entrepreneurship programmes
raise entrepreneurial intention of science and engineering students? The effect
of learning, inspiration and resources.Journal of Business Venturing, 22(4),
566-591.
Zafar, S. A. (2013). Corporate entrepreneurship and financial performance: the case of
management leveraged buyouts. Journal of Business Venturing, 10(3), 25-47.
Zaidatol, A. & Lope, P. (2009). Entrepreneurship as a career choice: An analysis of
entrepreneurial self-efficacy and intention of university students. European
Journal of Social Sciences, 9(2), 338-349.
Zain, Z. M., Akram, A. M. & Ghani, E. K. (2010). Entrepreneurship intention among
Malaysian business students.Canadian social Science, 6(3), 34-44.
Zhao, Z. & Cal, L. (2010).On the periodical development of technical education,
vocational and entrepreneurship training in Zambia. Studies in Foreign
Education, 12 (12), 163-183.
among Nigerian university students: prospect and challenges. African Journal
of Business management, 1(3), 80-88.
Agboola, J. O. & Ademiluyi, L. F. (2015). The impact of entrepreneurship education
on self-employment prospects of graduating Polytechnic students in Osun
State. UNIZIK Orient Journal of Education, 8 (1), 77-85.
Alain, F. (2009). Entrepreneurship education in Europe: Trends and challenges.
OECD LEED programme: Universities, Innovations and Entrepreneurship
Good Practice Workshop 12 June 2009. Retrieved from
www.oecd.org/dataoecd/1/1/36/43202553.pdf on 23/9/2010
Arogundade, B. B. (2011). Entrepreneurship education: An imperative first
sustainable development in Nigeria. Journal of Emerging Trends in
Educational Research and Policy Studies (JETERAPS),2(1), 11-23.
Bae, S. H. & Song, J. H. (2006). Youth unemployment and the role of career and
technical education: A Study of the Korean labor market. Career and
Technical Education Research, 31(1), 3-21.
Dell, M. S. (2008). An investigation of undergraduate student self-employment
intention and the impact of entrepreneurship education and previous
entrepreneurial experience. Doctor of Philosophy, School of Business
University Australia.
Dinis, A. (2011). Behaviours and entrepreneurial intention: Empirical findings about
secondary students. Journal of International Entrepreneurship, 9(1), 20-38.
Ezemoyih, C. M. (2011).Strategies for effective teaching of entrepreneurship
education in tertiary institutions in Imo and Anambra States. Business
Education Journal, 8 (1), 1-9.
Federal Republic of Nigeria (2008).National Policy on Education, Lagos: NERDC
Press.
Gerba, D. T. (2012).Impact of entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurial
intentions of business and engineering students in Ethiopia. African Journal of
Economic and Management Studies, 3(2), 258 – 277.
Iwu, P. C. (2016). Integrating new technologies for improving the business education
curriculum in tertiary institutions in Imo State.Nigerian Journal of Business
Education, 3(1), 91-98.
Kimmel, J. (2008). Who moonlights and why? Evidence from the SIPP. Industrial
Relations: A Journal of Economy and Society, 40(1), 89-120.
Lee, W. N., Lim, B. P., Lim, L. Y., Sern, N. H. & Wong, J. L. (2012). Entrepreneurial
intention: A study among students of higher learning institution. A research
project submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of
Bachelor of business administration. Faculty of Business and Finance,
UniversitiTunku Abdul Rahman.
Li, W. (2007). Ethnic entrepreneurship: Studying Chinese and Indian students in the
United States. Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship, 12(4), 449–466.
Liñán, F. & Chen, Y. (2009).Development and cross-cultural application of a specific
instrument to measure entrepreneurial intentions. Entrepreneurship Theory
and Practice, 33(3), 593- 617.
Liñán, F., Rodriguez-Cohard, J. C. & Rueda-Cantuche, J. M. (2011).Factors affecting
entrepreneurial intention levels. A role for education. International
Entrepreneurship & Management Journal, 7, 195-218.
Martínez, A.C., Kelley, D. & Levie, J. (2010).Global Entrepreneurship Monitor
Special Report: A Global Perspective on Entrepreneurship Education and
Training, Global Entrepreneurship Monitor, United States.
Matheson, D. (2008). An introduction to the study of education. New York: David
Fulton Publish.
Okoro,J. (2015). Lecturers‘ perception of constraints facing the teaching of
entrepreneurship education in colleges of education in South South, Nigeria.
World Journal of Education, 5(3), 99 – 106.
Onyesom, M., & Okolocha, C. C. (2013). Assessment of the adequacy of instructional
resources in business education programmes relative to NCCE standards for
colleges of education in Nigeria. Journal of Education and Learning, 2(2), 1-
14.
Puka, B. & Aminu, A. (2015). Effects of entrepreneurship education on university
students' attitude and entrepreneurial intention. European Journal of Business
and Management, 7(20), 149-157.
Shai, V. (2009), Entrepreneurship Education. http:llshaivyakarnam.
blogspot.com/2009/05/whyentrepreneurship -education. Online. Retrieved on
4/9/2011.
Shook,C. L., Priem R. L., & McGee, J. E. (2003).Venture creation and the
enterprising individual: A review and synthesis.Journal of Management,
29(3), 379 – 399.
Souitaris, V., Zerbinati, S., & Al-Laham, A. (2007). Do entrepreneurship programmes
raise entrepreneurial intention of science and engineering students? The effect
of learning, inspiration and resources.Journal of Business Venturing, 22(4),
566-591.
Zafar, S. A. (2013). Corporate entrepreneurship and financial performance: the case of
management leveraged buyouts. Journal of Business Venturing, 10(3), 25-47.
Zaidatol, A. & Lope, P. (2009). Entrepreneurship as a career choice: An analysis of
entrepreneurial self-efficacy and intention of university students. European
Journal of Social Sciences, 9(2), 338-349.
Zain, Z. M., Akram, A. M. & Ghani, E. K. (2010). Entrepreneurship intention among
Malaysian business students.Canadian social Science, 6(3), 34-44.
Zhao, Z. & Cal, L. (2010).On the periodical development of technical education,
vocational and entrepreneurship training in Zambia. Studies in Foreign
Education, 12 (12), 163-183.